The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ Essay - 4531 Words

The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ When we talk about Jesus as a leader, we may imply two different forms: Jesus as the only Son of God, God of the universe, or the risen Christ as being one with God; or Jesus as the 1 st century flesh and blood human being, the historical figure. Since the purpose of studying leadership is to improve ones own leadership skills, it makes sense to analyze Jesus applicable traits, actions, and accomplishments as a good leader—in his historical role—so his leadership skills can be feasibly related to ourselves as human beings. I will attempt to analyze, using modern leadership criteria, how Jesus of Nazareth, the Jew and carpenters son, was an effective spiritual leader of his time. Let us first†¦show more content†¦Jesus gave a frank opinion about his purpose when he said, â€Å"Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them† (Matt. 5:17). Cronin adds, â€Å"Leaders are people who know who they are and know where they are going. . . . [They] must be self-reliant individuals with great tenacity and stamina† (36). So aside from the common interpretations that Jesus was the Son of God or the Messiah (sent to earth to be king and deliverer of the Jews), Jesus was an intelligent man, who usually knew what to say and when to say it. N.T. Wright writes, â€Å"Jesus spoke of himself as a prophet, he behaved as a prophet, and when others referred to him in this way he did not correct them† (33). Before we can explain how Jesus articulated his vision, we must first examine what his vision was. Wright writes, â€Å"Jesus was a first-century Jewish prophet announcing Gods kingdom. This was the very center of his mission and message† (33). Most likely, Jesus would say his goal was to do Gods will in order to fulfill the prophecies (as predicted in the Old Testament) and save the â€Å"lost† (Matt. 18:11, Luke 19:10). Since he was sent to earth as a means for people to get to heaven, his vision was that people could developShow MoreRelatedLeadership Lessons of Jesus Christ4625 Words   |  19 PagesGreg Meholick Research Paper The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ When we talk about Jesus as a leader, we may imply two different forms: Jesus as the only Son of God, God of the universe, or the risen Christ as being one with God; or Jesus as the 1st century flesh and blood human being, the historical figure. Since the purpose of studying leadership is to improve ones own leadership skills, it makes sense to analyze Jesus applicable traits, actions, and accomplishments asRead MoreLeadership Styles : Jesus As A Servant Leader914 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Styles Jesus as a Servant Leader Leadership from a Christian perspective focus on theological expositional, worship facilitation and communication skills. 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If they obeyed my teaching, they will obey yours also† (John 15:20, New International Version).Read MoreThe Impact Of Life Of Jesus Christ1158 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluential leaders in history is Jesus Christ. Regardless if you are religious or not, there is no denying the influence Jesus had on the world. He lived a life that has influenced and guided millions of people and his story has been heard by countless numbers of people across the globe. In this report, I will be discussing the impact of the life of Jesus Christ, his style of leadership, the impact his leadership has on leadership today, and my perception of Jesus as a leader. Jesus’s influence onRead MoreLeadership Qualities Of Jesus Christ1312 Words   |  6 PagesSeven Leadership Qualities of Jesus Christ There can be no doubt or question that Jesus Christ was the greatest of all leaders known to man. The literal son of God, He was able to command even the elements and they obeyed him. The biblical truths of his teachings and the pattern of his leadership are valuable to any leader. This paper will identity seven qualities of Jesus Christ and applications of how we can apply those principles in our own lives. 1. Jesus was not self-promoting. As Jesus beganRead MoreLeadership : A Great Leader1551 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership What or who comes to mind when you think about leadership? What is leadership? Leadership is defined as the action of leading a group or an organization. Leadership is not just about leading; it is about being able to lead even with the greatest of adversaries throwing everything they can at you and still being able to succeed as a great leader. When I think about leadership only one man comes to mind, Jesus Christ of Nazareth. 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You must show yourself worthy, be attentive and flexible, and create hospitality atmosphere. I will then analysis to my SHAPE to leadership. When you show yourself worthy; then you are striving to be better than what you prior did. 2 Timothy 2:15 state â€Å"Do your best to present yourself to GodRead MoreSpiritual Shepherdology1197 Words   |  5 Pagesof a Christian leader is that of our Lord Jesus Christ, Stott (2002) informs â€Å"our model of leadership is often shaped more by culture than by Christ (p.113). He went further to suggest, â€Å"Yet many cultural models of leadership are incompatible with the servant imagery taught and exhibited by the Lord Jesus† (Stott, 2002, p.113). According to MacArthur (2002), â€Å"2 Timothy 2, for example, Paul uses seven different metaphors to describe the rigors of leadership. He pictures the minister as a teacher (vRead MoreChristian Leadership Paper1278 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy of Christian Leadership Paper I never thought to be a Christian leader. As a matter of fact, I am a person who did not know about God for 26 years. I was the center of my life, and there was no room for God to enter. Even when I was attending church service, I was trying not to be exposed to other church people. In other words, I was the kind of person who was afraid to walk into a life of faith. However, in the past three years, God has changed me in many ways, and showed me so many

Students At The University Of Alabama - 1033 Words

The number of students attending the University of Alabama has reached a new high of 37,100. That number is a 2.4% increase from 2014 (uanews.ua.edu). As the number of students is predicted only to increase in the years to come, the University must reflect on the housing options for these 37,100 students. Freshman students required to live on campus face a difficult situation--lack of housing. With that being said, the best and most efficient way to cope with the ever growing population is to allow freshmen to live off campus, and build more apartments around campus to allow thousands of more students to have places to live in the future. Providing housing on campus for nearly 8,000 freshman students is nearly impossible. The Presidential Villages house 1,840 students. Blout, Bryant, Bryce Lawn, Burke, Friedman, The Highlands, Lakeside, Parham, Paty, Ridgecrest, Riverside, Somerville, and Tutwiler house roughly 5,000 more students. These freshman options barely fit the ever growing n umber of new students coming to Alabama. The University of Alabama board of trustees recently approved a $124 million dollar project to tear down and rebuild Julia Tutwiler Dorms. The dorm currently houses 1,000 freshman girls. The Tutwiler Dorms are due to be torn down at the end of the 2017 Spring Semester. The new building is scheduled to be finished in 2020. The new building will include a parking deck and be able to house almost 2,000 women. The board also approved of new dorms to be builtShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose to Become a Nursing Student at University of Alabama677 Words   |  3 Pagesgenerously and courageously lead other fellow nurses. Since I graduated three years ago, I have had two certifications in Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS), which have enabled to work effectively at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta, GA as a RN, in GI and Pulmonologist labs. 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Mason Free Essays

Mason Gupte English 10118 Paper 3 The recreational use of cannabis should remain illegal in the United States of America. Cannabis, or marijuana, is a highly dangerous and addictive drug that not only leads to physical harm, but is a drug that if legalized, would inadvertently encourage the use of drugs among teenagers and adults all across the country. In recent years, the country has witnessed an increase in popularity in what is known as â€Å"medical† marijuana. We will write a custom essay sample on Mason or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although it’s viewed today as a medicine and something that is offered to help patients in America, the positive aura being created around the drug is something that should be considered extremely alarming. The more people become accustomed to the idea of marijuana being acceptable, the more likely it becomes that a serious push for the narcotic to become legal could happen. Legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes would be detrimental for numerous reasons. Scientists have discovered enough about the active chemical in marijuana called delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, to allow us to understand that is a substance that should not be tampered with. When a person burns marijuana and starts to inhale the smoke, the THC in the plant quickly passes from their lungs into their bloodstream, which transports the chemical to the brain and other organs throughout the body. THC acts upon specific parts of your brain, called cannabinoid receptors, which then triggers a series of cell-based reactions that lead to the dangerous â€Å"high† that user will experience (www. DrugAbuse. Gov). These receptors are found in parts of the brain that affect pleasure, memory, thinking, concentrating, sensory, coordinated movement and time perception. While a user is under the influence of marijuana, they are prone to chronic overeating and tend to show little to zero effort in any activity they attempt. The use of marijuana can also lead to distorted perceptions, impairments, difficulty solving problems, and further complicate the person’s ability to learn new things and hold memories. Research has shown that, in chronic marijuana users, the drug’s adverse impact on the subjects learning and memory can last up to days or weeks after that person has allowed the effects to wear off (www. DrugAbuse. gov). The majority of marijuana users who are asked about their habit will respond with something like, â€Å"There’s nothing wrong with it. † However, if studied closely and observed for a period of time, it is no challenge for one to see that the effects are not just physical. The mental harm one will encounter when they inhale the smoke is something that is not just temporary, users can and will suffer long-term from the drug’s effects. This is one clear reason why medical marijuana is a contradiction to what is healthy and beneficial to patients. Doctors and patients will claim that it is the only way to cope with diseases in particular cases, however, harming oneself does not help cope with anything in the long run. Although research details for the long-term effects of marijuana haven’t been completely ironed out, scientists can see that there are consistent similarities between two users who have used the drug their entire life. A person that smokes the plant for a large amount of time consistently will observe a noticeable connection between that and their impaired cognitive functioning. A person who does not use the drug will notice less of a fog in their cognitive functioning, where as a marijuana user who has experimented with the drug since a young age will have trouble thinking of things quite often. Another troubling fact about cannabis is that when used in the long-term, can lead to physical addiction. Estimates from research suggest that roughly nine percent of all marijuana users become addicted to the drug; this number is likely to increase for those who start young or are daily users (www. DrugAbuse. Gov). People who were daily marijuana smokers and attempted to quit, report that they have experienced withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, sleeplessness, trouble getting their appetite back, anxiety, drug-craving, and depression. All of these symptoms are likely to begin within the first one to two days of quitting smoking. Numerous studies have shown that there is a direct correlation between the long-term use of cannabis and increased anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. However, at this time, it is not clear whether marijuana use causes mental problems, exacerbates them, or reflects an attempt to self-medicate symptoms already in existence (www. DrugAbuse. Gov). What is clear is that high doses of marijuana can lead to psychotic reactions within the subject; also, use of the drug may trigger or lead to relapse of schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals. Other effects of smoking marijuana include issues with the heart such as increased likelihood of a heart attack as a result of an increased heart rate. Irregular heart rhythm, palpitations, and arrhythmias also are commonly observed negatives for marijuana users whether they’re frequent or occasional smokers. If one is greater in age or has cardiac vulnerabilities, the risk is much greater. The heart is not the only area of the chest impacted negatively by smoking marijuana, the lungs are forced to work much harder when marijuana is inhaled. Numerous studies have shown that the smoke created when marijuana is burnt contains 50-70 percent more carcinogens than what tobacco smoke holds (www. DrugAbuse. Gov). Since marijuana users typically inhale much deeper and hold the smoke in their lungs for a longer amount of time than tobacco smokers, they further increase their exposure to these carcinogens. Another dangerous thing one should keep an eye on is the fact that marijuana users show potentially cancerous growth in epithelial cells. The list of reasons why marijuana should remain illegal is a long, but concrete list and something everyone who has used the drug should be encouraged to look at. While it is currently legal within states for medicinal purposes, the government has done well by keeping this substance illegal as far as recreational use. Nothing good can or will ever come out of legalizing such a dangerous narcotic. Works Cited Page November 2010. Drug Facts: Marijuana. November 4th, 2012. http://www. drugabuse. gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana How to cite Mason, Papers

Strategic International Business Management A Case Study of Hays

Question: Describe about the Strategic International Business Management, a Case Study of Hays? Answer: Introduction Expanding into foreign countries is one of the widely used strategies that business organizations implement for further growth. Organizations generally plan their international or global expansions in such a way that that an actual operational presence can be maintained in those countries (Yu, 2012). The key to such international expansions lie in selecting an appropriate market for the expansion, besides implementing strategies to draw the attention of the target customers of that market. This study firmly focuses on analyzing the strategy for expending the business in foreign market with a special case study to Hays. However, this study aims to explain the selection of target market and the macro environmental factors for the selected market. In addition to this, the report also provides information regarding the threats and opportunity for expanding into the selected market (India) besides recommending the market entry strategy for Hays. 1. Identifying potentially attractive target market 2. Rationale for choosing the market In order to decide on the target market for the future international expansion of Hays, five countries had been chosen, namely Argentina, India, Kenya, Norway and Thailand. After considering various matrices, like that of the GINI index, the WEF reports on the global competitive index, the corruption index and the various economic factors of the said countries (provided in appendix), we have come to the conclusion that at present, India should be considered as the most attractive target market for Hays (Worldbank.org, 2015). India is the largest democracy of the world: a federal system of governance runs the country. As in most democracies, each government decision depends upon several political factors: hence the decisions taken by the national government are generally based on the agendas of the ruling party (Malhotra, 2014). For the last few decades, the political condition of the country has been quite stable, a fact that encourages foreign investments in the industries of the country (Desai and Garozzo, 2011). Last but not the least, the government of India encourages such investments in all industrial sectors f the nation. At present, the GDP of the country is approximately 6.3 % and the Indians ranks 3 in the list of the countries having the most purchasing powers. The liberal foreign capital policy, along with the reduction of the requisites for trade licensing has been influential in the growth of this economy (Worldbank.org, 2015). A notable point is that the India economy is quite strong and is not affected much by the recession of the western countries. The Indian society is closely tied to the family values: family is one of the most important factors to the Indians (Kumar et al. 2014). Since the number of aged people in the country is increasing steadily, the Indian families tend to spend large quantities on the treatment and other requirements of the aged persons of the families. Besides this, in spite of education being quite expensive, Indian families emphasize much on the education of their children (Mishra, 2013). On the other hand, in spite of having a large skilled young workforce, the market is not able to provide suitable employment to them (Heritage.org, 2015). The ever-increasing expenses and the unavailability of suitable jobs are influencing the Indian youth to search for highly paid jobs outside the country. Political: Largest democracy Federal government Stable political scenario Business environment controlled by various political factors Government encourages industrial investment Economical: Growing economy, current GDP of 6.3 % approximately. 3rd highest GDP in terms of purchasing power of citizens Well developed taxation system Reduced industrial licensing Liberal foreign capital policy 100 percent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) allowed Strong economy, little effect of western recession (Godwin, Kalapana and Valli, 2013) Social: Aging population Rise in aged employment High family values Educated and skilled young workforce Underemployed youths High demand for onshore employment Technological: Rise of the IT industry due to skilled workforce Steady growth of technical research and development area Self sufficient power sector Legal: Strong legal system Utilizes International Trade regulations Policies for minimum wage increase, discrimination against disables, discrimination against gender etc Environmental: Rapid urbanization leading to large scale pollution Depletion of natural resources Figure 1: PESTLE analysis of India (Source: Parikh and Gabbad, 2014) In the last few years, the county has also made much development in the technical and legal domains: both these factors now act as strong pillars of the economy. Thus, it can be said that at present, India appears to be the most suitable market in which the organization s like Hays can expand their business to. 3.Key strategic issues the firm faces in expanding in the Indian market 3.1. The opportunities and the threats 3.1.1 Opportunities: At present, the following factors can be considered as the opportunities to the organization: Less competition in the market: Although several local and national-level human-resource recruiting organizations exist in the Indian market, no globally accepted brand is operating in the nation as of now (Haider and Dutta, 2012). Thus, Hays Specialist Recruitment, being the first globally acclaimed recruiter to introduce their operations in the market, could utilize this void to the fullest. Latest trend of seeking jobs in the Europe Union: The reports by the World Bank indicate that the unemployed or underemployed youths of India as a whole are targeting the positions or vacancies available at the European Union (Khan, 2015). Hays, being world famous name for providing employment in the United Kingdom, would naturally be their first choice (Solutions, 2015). High Unemployment rate: The unemployment rate of India is quite high in comparison to the GDP of the country (BBC News, 2015). Fast development: India is developing fast as far as technological advancements are concerned. Skilled workforce: The standard of education is quite high: thus, skilled workforce is available in the market. Demand for employment in the European Union: Most of the educated and skilled youths of the country either is unemployed or is under employed: thus, there exists a trend of searching for jobs outside the country (Rakhman, 2016). However, most of the job seekers are looking for opportunities that would provide them with higher financial benefits 3.1.2. Threats: At present, the following factors can be considered as the opportunities to the organization: The emergence of new competitors in the market: Local or national level recruiting organizations might emerge in the market and offer services at rates lower than that of Hays. Such organizations, can thus pose threats to the business of the organization. The condition of the economy of the United Kingdom: The current condition of the European economy is not very stable: besides this the Hays depends entirely on the western economy and would be largely affected by the recession prevalent in the west (Razghandi, Hashim and Mohammadi, 2012). Strength 1. The brand name 2. Management experienced in global operations; operates across 33 countries in the world, provides employment to around 8000 workers. 3. Long industry experiences 4. Business concentrated on recruitment 5. Large market share 6. Growth in revenue collection Weakness 1. Still not established across all emerging economies of the world 2. Late entry in the Asian subcontinent Opportunities 1. Less competition in the market 2. Latest trend of seeking jobs in the Europe Union 3. The high unemployment rate 4. Future Global investments 5. Continuous technical development 6. Demand for employment in the European Union 7. Presence of skilled underemployed or unemployed youth Threats 1. The emergence of new recruiting organizations in the market 2. The condition of the economy of the United Kingdom 3. Non resistant to recession 4. Strong trade and outsourcing laws Figure 2: SWOT analysis of Hays (Source: Yuniarti, 2015) 3.2 The strength and the weakness 3.2.1 Strengths: At present, the following factors can be considered as the strength of the organization: The brand name: Hays Specialist Recruitment had been operating in the field of human resource recruitment from way back in 1969. At present, the organization is considered to top the list of all those recruiting organizations that operate in the international domain and recruit employees in various industries located in the UK (Kolios and Read, 2013). Needless to say, the brand name of the organization would be the primary advantage of the organization (Haysplc.com, 2015). Management experienced in global operations: Hays Specialist Recruitment been operating in the international domain for more than a decade (from 2003) and at present operates across 33 nations of the world (Xingang, Jiaoli and Bei, 2013). The organization thus has an experienced management team who are able to tackle the various constraint and threats being presented to the operational activities of the country by the foreign economic environment (Magruder, 2012). This team has the potential to become a factor to the success of the new venture. Long industry experiences: Hays had been operating in the market for a very long period of time, since 1969. Thus, the experience collected over this period would be helpful in conducting the business in the foreign market (Jhamb, D. and Kiran, 2011). Business concentrated on recruitment: The business of the organization is based entirely in the recruitment sector: thus, the management is able to focus on this sector completely. Large market share: At present, the Hays has the largest market share in the recruitment industry of the United Kingdom (Wrona and TrƦpczyÅ„ski, 2012). Needless to say,the large market share is one of greatest strengths of the organization. Growth in revenue collection: In spite of the fact that the current economic condition of the European Union is not satisfactory, there has been a significant growth in the revenue collections made by the organization, as compared to the last financial year Kingdom (Haysplc.com, 2015).. 3.2.2 Weakness: At present, the following factors can be considered as the strength of the organization: Still not established across all emerging economies of the world: The organization is still not established in all the emerging economies of the world (Ruhela and Banerjee, 2014). This should be considered as one of the weaknesses of the organization as the over-dependence on the European economy might affect the organization negatively. Late entry in the Asian subcontinent: Various globally acclaimed organizations have entered in to the Asian market for quite some time (Mishra, 2013). The late entry in to this flourishing market and the inability to capture it before the others might actually be considered as a weakness on the part of the organization (Sasidhar and Reddy, 2012). 4. Modes of entry into the market 5.1 Various Modes of entry into India In general, while taking entry into any foreign market, most organizations utilize one of the following modes of entry: Exporting: The process of providing services or products developed in one country to the citizens of another country is often termed as exporting (Wrona and TrƦpczyÅ„ski, 2012). Since the services provided by Hays Specialist Recruitment are not developed at any country, such mode of entry would not be applicable for the organization (Caroli, Cucculelli and Pongelli, 2015). Licensing: International licenses allow foreign organization to produce products for specific markets. Since Hays does not manufacture any product, such mode of entry would not be possible for the organization (Hilmersson and Jansson, 2012). Franchising: The business mode in which independent business owners use the brand names of reputed parent companies so as to conduct business and pay royalties in exchange, is known as franchising (van Wijngaarden, Scholten and van Wijk, 2012). Even this mode of market entry would not be suitable for Hays Specialist Recruitment as the organization operates solely on the digital platform. 5.2 Recommendations In general, while taking entry into any foreign market, most well established brands utilize the wholly owned subsidiary mode of entry (Holtbrugge and Baron, 2012). Such organizations can in practice, utilize one of the two under-mentioned strategies: Greenfield investment: It encourages the establishment of new wholly owned subsidiary and is associated with the financial risks of setting up a new business in a foreign market (Impullitti, Irarrazabal and Opromolla, 2013). Acquisition which encourages the merging of an existing organization with the one that is about to enter into the new market. Since Greenfield investments require much time for their establishments in the market and are associated with high financial risk, such mode of entry is not being recommended to the management of Hays (Hilmersson and Jansson, 2012). On the other hand, acquisition processes mandate the taking over of the competitors or business partners who are currently operating in the market, thus enabling the new entrant to utilize the existing resources and competencies (Adeoye, 2015). The management of Hays can utilize this option to enter into the Indian market: taking over any existing recruiting organization would not only provide Hays with the opportunity to utilize their physical stores of offices, but would also allow them to utilize the services of employees having the experienced of working in the Indian market (Razghandi, Hashim and Mohammadi, 2012). The strategic acquisition of yet another recruiting organization that has the experience of working in the Indian market would help Hays to utilize the existing distribution channels, besides using the technological and business process: needless to say the overall business of Hays would be benefitted due to this process (Xingang, Jiaoli and Bei, 2013). However, the management of Hays requires in considering the following points being the acquisition process: The work culture of the organization must match with the work culture prevalent in Hays (Wrona and TrƦpczyÅ„ski, 2012). The acquisition process might result in apprehension between the existing employees of the organization and the ones that Hays intends to employ (Holtbrugge and Baron, 2012). 5. Conclusion This report provides a insight to the plans and strategies that should be adhered to while considering the future international expansion of the Hays Specialist Recruitment. The discussion made in the appendix section has been helpful in finalizing the market that should now be targeted by the organization for their future expansions: the PESTLE analysis of the target market has been provided in the section 1 of this report, which is indicative of the correctness of the choice. In the next section of the report, the SWOT analysis of the organization has been provided, so as to identify the factors which would be considered as the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats of the organization during the international expansion into the Indian market. The modes of entry that should be used by the organization for initiating their operations in the Indian market have been discussed in the third section of the report. The discussions made in the report indicate that: Hays Specialist Recruitment should choose India as the target market for their next international expansion. The management should utilize the acquisition mode of market entry so as to start operating in India. References BBC News, (2015). Who are the UK's foreign workers? - BBC News. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-27410522 [Accessed 26 Dec. 2015]. Caroli, M.G., Cucculelli, M. and Pongelli, C., (2015). Family Firms and Foreign Market Entry Modes: The Role of Family Involvement.L'industria,36(1), pp.93-110. Desai, D. and Garozzo, F., (2011). Intercultural Management: Morocco and India. Transparency.org, (2015). How corrupt is your country?. [online] Transparency.org. Available at: https://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/results [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. economist.com, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21669967-house-prices-are-rise-again-around-world-upwardly-mobile [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Godwin, B.J., Kalapana, D. and Valli, S., (2013). Foreign Direct Investment In Indian Retail Sector-Pestle Swot Analyses.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,3(3), p.265. Haysplc.com, (2015). Join Hays. [online] Haysplc.com. Available at: https://www.haysplc.com/join-hays [Accessed 26 Dec. 2015]. Heritage.org, (2015). Nigeria Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption. [online] Heritage.org. Available at: https://www.heritage.org/index/country/nigeria [Accessed 26 Dec. 2015]. Hilmersson, M. and Jansson, H.,( 2012). International network extension processes to institutionally different markets: Entry nodes and processes of exporting SMEs.International Business Review,21(4), pp.682-693. Holtbrugge, D. and Baron, A., (2013). Market entry strategies in emerging markets: An institutional study in the BRIC countries.Thunderbird International Business Review,55(3), pp.237-252. Impullitti, G., Irarrazabal, A.A. and Opromolla, L.D.,( 2013). A theory of entry into and exit from export markets.Journal of International Economics,90(1), pp.75-90. Jhamb, D. and Kiran, R., (2011). Organized retail in India-drivers facilitator and swot analysis. Kumar, N., Wadhwa, A., Chaubey, K.K., Singh, S.V., Gupta, S., Sharma, S., Sharma, D.K., Singh, M.K. and Mishra, A.K., (2014). Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus from sheep in Makhdoom, India.Virus genes,48(2), pp.312-319. Malhotra, A., (2014). Relationship Between Outward Fdi And Exports: A Causality Analysis For India.International Journal of Management and Social Sciences (IJMSS),3(2), pp.107-116. Mishra, S.K., (2013). Global Competence of the Indian Manufacturing Industries.Available at SSRN 2233474. Parikh, A. and Gabbad, H., (2014). Fdi In Service Sector And Its Impact On Economic Development Of India.International Journal of Applied Services Marketing Perspectives,3(1), pp.744-749. Rakhman, A., (2016). Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): A Survey of Entrepreneurs Perspectives (Makassar Insight).International Business Management,10(4), pp.540-551. Razghandi, M., Hashim, N.H. and Mohammadi, M.,( 2012), March. A survey of market orientation and performance within ASEAN countries. In3rd International Conference on Business and Economic Research Proceeding(pp. 12-13). Ruhela, S. and Banerjee, S., (2014). Status of Indian Domestic Industries Vis-A-Vis Mncs in India: A Comparative Analysis.Transnational Corporations Review,6(2), pp.132-146. Sasidhar, P.V.K. and Reddy, P.G., (2012). SWOT analysis of veterinary and animal science education in India: implications for policy and future directions.The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension,18(4), pp.387-407. Team, F.M.E.,(2013). PESTLE Analysis. Strategy Skills. Weforum.org, (2015). [online] Available at: 3. https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-competitiveness-report-2014-2015 [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. World Bank, (2015). [online] World Bank. Available at: 1. https://www.tradingeconomics.com/country-list/interest-rate [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Worldbank.org, (2015). [online] Available at: 4. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Worldbank.org, (2015). [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Worldbank.org, (2015). [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Worldbank.org, (2015). [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Worldbank.org, (2015). [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Yu, L., 2012.The international hospitality business: Management and operations. Routledge. Yuniarti, D. (2015). Analisis SWOT Sampah Antariksa Indonesia. Buletin Pos dan Telekomunikasi, 11(1), p.13.

Study Of Family Interaction Essays - Family, Human Development

Study of Family Interaction Study Of Family Interaction Lead To New Understanding Of Abusive Parents Researchers at the University of Toronto have taken important steps toward producing a profile of an abusive parent. Prof. Gary Walters and doctoral student Lynn Oldershaw of the Department of Psychology have developed a system to characterize parents who physically abuse their children. This could ultimately allow social service professionals to identify parents in child abuse. Over the last five years, Walters and Oldershaw, in collaboration with Darlene Hall of the West End Creche, have examined over 100 mothers and their three to six-year-old children who have been physically abused. In the laboratory, the mother and child spend 30 minutes in structured activities such as playing, eating and cleaning-up. The family interaction is video-taped and later analyzed. The researchers have developed a system which allows them to record the effectiveness of parenting skills. They are particularly interested in disciplinary strategies because abuse most commonly occurs when the parent wants the child to comply. It's a question of trying to determine which type of parent produces which type of child or which type of child elicits which type of parental behaviour, explains Oldershaw. As a result of their work, Walters and Oldershaw have identified distinct categories of abusive parents and their children. 'Harsh/intrusive' mothers are excessively harsh and constantly badger their child to behave. Despite the fact that these mothers humiliate and disapprove of their child, there are times when they hug, kiss or speak to them warmly. This type of mothering produces an aggressive, disobedientchild. A 'covert/hostile' mother shows no positive feelings towards her child. She makes blatant attacks on the child's self-worth and denies him affection or attention. For his part, the child tries to engage his mother's attention and win her approval. An 'emotionally detached' mother has very little involvement with her child. She appears depressed and uninterested in the child's activities. The child of this type of mother displays no characteristics which set him apart from other children. In order to put together a parenting profile, the two researchers examine the mother/child interaction and their perception and feelings. For instance, Walters and Oldershaw take into account the mother's sense of herself as a parent and her impression of her child. The researchers also try to determine the child's perception of himself or herself and of the parent. Abusive parents are often believed to have inadequate parenting skills and are referred to programs to improve these skills. These programs are particularly appropriate for parents who, themselves, were raised by abusive parents and as a result are ignorant of any other behavior toward her child. One of the goals of the psychologists is to provide information to therapists which will help tailor therapy to the individual needs of the abusive parents. Recidivism rates for abusive care-givers are high, says Walters. To a large extent, abusive parents which require a variety of treatment. Their research is funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.Contact: Gary Walters (416)978-7814 Lynn Oldershaw (416)978-3528

Free Essays on Feminine Sexuality

Kate Chopin’s, The Storm is an obvious suggestion of sexual energy and unrestrained passion. It is a story of two people who forget their wedding vows and are as uncontrollable as a storm. Chopin’s title refers to nature, which is symbolically feminine. The storm can therefore be seen as a symbol of feminine sexuality and passion. Calixta’s actions represent her sexuality as well as foreshadowing the sexual encounter to come. â€Å"She was greatly occupied and did not notice the approaching storm. But she felt very warm and often stopped to mop her face on which the perspiration gathered in beads. She unfastened her white sacque at the throat† (113). The unbuttoning of her jacket is one of actions that foreshadows encounter between her and Alcee. She is unaware of the storm approaching, although she is married and has a child (and is somewhat knowledgeable about sexual matters) she is unaware of the sexuality and passion within her. Calixta is broken from a â€Å"trance,† the trance that Calixta is broken from is her own awareness that she is still attracted to Alcee. Even though the two are married, there is a mutual attraction between Calixta and Alcee. As the storm increases so does their sexual passion for one another. The storm drives them inside, it has become so strong that they need to put something under Mumper 2 the door, â€Å"†¦Calixta†¦ rolled up a piece of bagging and Alcee helped her to thrust it beneath the crack† (113). The image is sexual as they both â€Å"thrust† the bagging into the crack. The storm increases as well as the undoubtedly a reference to the sexual tension between the two of them. As the thunder crashes â€Å"Calixta†¦ staggered backwards. Alcee arm encircled her, and for an instant he drew her close and spasmodically to him† (114). It is not until then that Alcee has sensed her passion and his own: â€Å"The contact of her warm, palpitating body when he had unthinkingly drawn her into hi... Free Essays on Feminine Sexuality Free Essays on Feminine Sexuality Kate Chopin’s, The Storm is an obvious suggestion of sexual energy and unrestrained passion. It is a story of two people who forget their wedding vows and are as uncontrollable as a storm. Chopin’s title refers to nature, which is symbolically feminine. The storm can therefore be seen as a symbol of feminine sexuality and passion. Calixta’s actions represent her sexuality as well as foreshadowing the sexual encounter to come. â€Å"She was greatly occupied and did not notice the approaching storm. But she felt very warm and often stopped to mop her face on which the perspiration gathered in beads. She unfastened her white sacque at the throat† (113). The unbuttoning of her jacket is one of actions that foreshadows encounter between her and Alcee. She is unaware of the storm approaching, although she is married and has a child (and is somewhat knowledgeable about sexual matters) she is unaware of the sexuality and passion within her. Calixta is broken from a â€Å"trance,† the trance that Calixta is broken from is her own awareness that she is still attracted to Alcee. Even though the two are married, there is a mutual attraction between Calixta and Alcee. As the storm increases so does their sexual passion for one another. The storm drives them inside, it has become so strong that they need to put something under Mumper 2 the door, â€Å"†¦Calixta†¦ rolled up a piece of bagging and Alcee helped her to thrust it beneath the crack† (113). The image is sexual as they both â€Å"thrust† the bagging into the crack. The storm increases as well as the undoubtedly a reference to the sexual tension between the two of them. As the thunder crashes â€Å"Calixta†¦ staggered backwards. Alcee arm encircled her, and for an instant he drew her close and spasmodically to him† (114). It is not until then that Alcee has sensed her passion and his own: â€Å"The contact of her warm, palpitating body when he had unthinkingly drawn her into hi...

Human Papilloma Virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Papilloma Virus - Essay Example The warts seldom cause cancer or other medical complications, though the viruses that are transferred sexually and cause warts to be located on the genital reason are capable of causing cervix cancer in females (Stern, 1994). Though the actual cause of any form of human papilloma virus in an individual is still unknown, it can be contracted by making contact with a person that does have the virus. Genital HPV infections are developed through sexual intercourse and oral sex; in the case of oral sex, the warts can appear around or in the mouth or throat. In regard to other forms of the human papilloma virus, skin-to-skin contact, regardless of the body part, can cause a person to pass the virus on to another. The human papilloma virus cannot always be cured. Even if the person no longer has warts, as they are able to disappear, the person can still be harboring the virus and can still pass it on to another (Dizon, 2010). Vaccines and medications are available to get rid of the warts ca used by the virus. Other methods of treating the warts include freezing with liquid nitrogen, which can be done in an over-the-counter fashion, and surgical or laser surgery. It is difficult to prevent human papilloma virus, especially the types that produce common warts. Sexually transmitted viruses can be prevented by practicing safe sex and reducing the number of partners. References Dizon, D. S. (2010). Human papilloma virus. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Stern, P. L.

Contemporary Issues in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Contemporary Issues in Management - Essay Example Management is simply the process of organizing and coordinating all activities in all business organizations in order to achieve defined goals and objectives (Newton, 2005). Contemporary organizations are very different from traditional organizations in so much ways. In contemporary organizations, the leadership style applied is mostly the democratic leadership style. This is a style that gives organization’s employees to participate in all almost if not all decision making situations. Employees of an organization are the most vital resources that an organization possesses since they contribute significantly to the success of the organization in the achievement of organization’s goals and objectives. The managers of Tesco Company for example are aware of this and this is why they mostly prefer the democratic style of leadership. The managers involve employees in decisions making situations such as setting of organization’s goals and objectives, setting policies a nd code of conduct that must be adhered to in the organization and designing plans to achieve organization’s goals and objectives and much more. In Tesco Company for example, the management is responsible for developing a competitive advantage that will enable the organization compete effectively in its respective market. The knowledge and skills of reflexive managers and employees’ ideas are vital to the development of an effective competitive advantage in organizations. Democratic leadership exercised by leaders in a contemporary organization gives employees opportunities to share their ideas with the organization’s managers on the business can develop a good competitive advantage. Parker (2000) argues that employees in contemporary organizations are always highly skilled and educated. Most contemporary organizations perform exceptionally well in their respective market and therefore employ employees who are highly productive in the market. The

Costco's management style and how the business operates Research Paper

Costco's management style and how the business operates - Research Paper Example With due regard to the managerial functions and their necessities within an organization, the primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the fundamental roles and functions of managerial functions that are practiced by Costco Wholesale Corporation (Costco) in the global retail industry (Lewis, Goodman, Fandt & Michlitsch, 2007). Costco is globally well-known for its extensive operations of retailing broad assortment of products for different group of customers across the globe. The organization principally involves a membership warehouse facility that is dedicated to provide extensive collection of quality based merchandise to its global customers in a best possible price. Currently, Costco can be observed in more than hundreds of global locations with a wider range of merchandise, convenient specialty departments as well as elite membership services serving different group of global customers (Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2013). Therefore, the main purpose of this report is to reveal the managerial functions including planning, organizing, leading as well as controlling performances of Costco in its global business operations. The managerial functions are regarded as the pivotal factors that significantly direct an organization to accomplish its broad array of business practices. According to the rapid development of the global business environment, the organizations seek to achieve better control of its range of activities to remain competitive. With this regard, it is highly essential for an organization to incorporate an effective set of managerial functions for the purpose of strengthening and developing its operational as well as managerial capabilities through designing effective set of planning, organizing, leading as well as controlling functions (Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2012). This can be better understood with the help of the following pictorial illustration. In relation

Effect of Exposure to Petroleum Products

Effect of Exposure to Petroleum Products Petroleum-derived products are chemicals (mostly volatile) that primarily used for internal combustion machines. These products are made up of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon components; hydrocarbons consist of (aromatic, saturated and unsaturated) and non-hydrocarbons consist of (N, S, O2, vanadium and nickel)(179,180). Some individuals ought to have a bigger risk of revelation to gasoline fumes; those individuals may include gasoline trucks drivers, Petroleum refining factory workforce, filling-station staff and service station attendants, (181). In the present study, table 3-1 demonstrates that, the exposure of oil refineries working staff to petroleum products for long period of time may significantly elevates serum levels of copper, iron, and lead equated to control standards. It is well known that impairment of metal homeostasis in the biological system can be considered as a risk factor for many health disorders. In this regard, chronic elevation of free iron in biological flu ids may lead to diabetes, cardiomyocytes damage, impaired sexual drive, liver cirrhosis, and kidney diseases. Meanwhile, free iron-induced tissue damage might be irreversible, and should be seriously considered by health care professionals due to the high risk of establishing many types of pathological disorders(182). In addition to the release from endogenous storage sites, heavy metals along with other pollutants are discharged to the environment through many industrial activities; during most of these activities, wastes are generated and discharged into the environment in volatile forms(181). The copper content in the human body represents an essential part of various significant enzymes that takes part in vigorous biological processes. Free form release can be done to catalyze ROS formation despite it is generally proteins bounded, including the most powerful and dangerous radicals of hydroxyl. Many cell culture and in vitro studies collected data, support the idea that free for m of Cu initiates oxidative stress, and interferes with important many cellular events(183). Moreover, exposure to exogenous sources and/or liberation of free copper from endogenous sources facilitates the rate of Fenton reactions that excessively generate free radicals(184). For a variety of diseases this is considered as a dynamic research zone, in which copper is playing a significant but yet extra delicate part than in acute toxicity(185). Lead, among the metals that elevated in the plasma of oil refineries workers, is the most dangerous one and massive exposure can lead to fatal consequences. In the present study, the mean blood level of lead is significantly elevated in exposed workers compared with that reported in control subjects. The pathogenesis of lead poisoning is contributed by lead-induced oxidative stress, and increases liberation of ROS through different heterogeneous mechanisms, which may facilitate tissue damage. Among the mechanisms through which Lead induce tissue damage, is the damage of DNA and other proteins and enzymes that have critical roles in body homeostasis. Several target places such as: liver, brain, blood vessels, lung, sperm, and testes can be caused by different pathological conditions related to lead-induced oxidative stress (186). Since lead is one of the components of the petroleum products, especially automobile fuel, blood lead levels are the best indicator of lead exposure impact in the oil refinery and petrol station workers. Many chemicals and additive in Petroleum products however, anyone of the composition could be the cause for such deterioration in the homeostasis of certain metals. Accordingly, intervention may be improved to prevent or at least delay minor impairment de velopment to fatal levels of lead and/or the free forms of iron and copper in the occupational setting. This could be done by the identification of precise product and the categorization of risk exposed job . Moreover, reports regarding hazards in oil refineries may arise in different ways, such as: biological, psychological chemical, physical, and non-application of ergonomic principles, etc. Worldwide diseases and work-related hazards remain to be serious problems, due to the large number of hazards in such workplaces and the absence of consideration to health and safety measures to numerous workers. (187). Although the urinary tract system is viewed as a target of heavy metal toxicity, the study showed that there is no obvious significant alteration in kidney function markers. In the present study, table 3-2 demonstrates a slight elevation in serum urea and microalbuminuria levels in the exposed personnel in comparison to non-exposed healthy individuals; although serum creatinine levels has not affected at all. Petroleum derivatives consist of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons generally gasoline interrelated , these products are mostly toxic to the body organs and specially the kidney(188,189), that could be referred to the risen liberated toxic metabolites, that includes reactive oxygen species. Although animal experimentations stated that inhaling the aromatic hydrocarbons toluene, styrene, and xylene was nephrotoxic(190), however, in humans it has not been verified(191). Both human and trial readings propose that the kidney may be affected by several chemicals (192). Of these chem icals, organic solvents’ role in chronic kidney ailments, mainly chronic glomerulonephritis, has been debated for a long time (193). Moreover, the lead content of the volatile petroleum products can induce many enzymatic systems in the body; most of them liberate ROS in many organs and tissues including the kidney and the cardiovascular tissues(194). Development in additional researches in this field was resulted by the acknowledgment that industrial and ecological causes may damage the renal functions. In the present study, the biomarkers of renal function (urea, creatinine and microalbuminuria) are not importantly high in oil refinery personnel; nevertheless, while they might be slightly raised, and still within standard figures, an inclination could be signified in the direction of initiation of renal diseases. Within the same context, former research has indicated that petroleum products exposition could have damaging impact on kidney functions(195,196). Stengel et al., b ased on a case control study, does not agree on the effect of petroleum exposure in occurrence of glomerulonephritis; but proposed a role in the progression to end stage renal disease(197). Jacob et al. indicated that while using an suitable cohort study design, exposition to petroleum products for long period is connected, with faster progress to end-stage renal ailment, in patients with IgA and membranous glomerulonephritis(198). Regarding the liver function markers, the present study demonstrates a significant increase in the activities of ALT, AST, and ALKP in the serum of refinery workers, compared to that reported in non-exposed subjects. This result supports the possibility of the existence of liver damage induced by the long-term exposure to petroleum products. Some of the liver enzymes existed in the serum in quite low concentration. These enzymes’ function in the serum is to offer hepatic functions information and the possibility of damage in hepatic tissues. Raise of AST and ALT beside the increase in ALP action could imitate inflammatory diseases or liver injury. In this study, the maximum activity of ALKP found was very high, suggesting the likelihood of hepatic cell injury. Serum enzyme activity patterns reflect the organ’s physiological state, as some investigators stated. For example the AST, ALT and ALKP activities rise in serum levels, was noticed in serum of mice inhaled petroleum vapors(199). Other studies indicate a rise in hepatic enzymes activities following albino mouse liver injury exposed to different types of toxic substances(200,201). Moreover, albino rats serum and liver showed biochemical changes for rats inveterately exposed to gasoline, kerosene and crude petroleum revealed a dose-dependent increase in the activities of liver enzymes of rats(202). However, the Total and conjugated serum bilirubin remains unaffected. The present study results in tune with the findings. Evidence from the experimental data indica tes that crude petroleum and/or its refined products could induce hepatic damage, and when exposure becomes high and chronic, it could render the liver dysfunctional. The current study indicates that there is no significant effect of exposure to petroleum products on the lipid profile markers. Besides, the serum glucose level is non-significantly affected. The present study reveals a weak significant decrease (P= 0.04) in the total antioxidant status (TAS) in the serum of oil refinery workers, compared with non-exposed subjects. Although exposure to the fumes of oil processing is considered as a powerful initiator of ROS generation, the studied workers show a very small remarkable decrease in this regard. This might be attributed to the effective compensatory mechanisms, which are still function effectively in many of the workers included in the study. Antioxidants, such as GSH, uric acid, ascorbate and ÃŽ ±-tocopherol present in epithelial lining fluid could keep the tissues from oxidant damage made by air pollutants exposition including petroleum vapors(203). It has been reported that under normal physiological conditions, the biological system maintains a balance between generation and neutralization of ROS(204). However, when the biological system exposed to petroleum products, the rate of ROS production cells get increased, and de pletion of antioxidant reserves may occur when compensation is not enagh(205). Our study shows a statistically significant reduction in all the measured parameters of lung function (except FEV1/FVC) of the oil refinery workers compared with the non-exposed subjects. This finding is in tune with that reported by others. An animal study has indicated that inflammation and/or injury of the airways can be resulted from diesel exhaust waste that establishes a significant fraction of particulate air pollution (206). The peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory mean flow, and forced vital capacity are significantly reduced in animals exposed to gasoline exhaust fumes. The existence of SO2 is possibly behind respiratory impairment and the quality of the hydrocarbons in gasoline exhaust gases(207). Moreover, exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons significantly induces lipid peroxidation with a consequent increased MDA levels, and a decrease in SOD and CAT activities and GSH level. Such state of oxidative stress, due to exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons, also causes alterati on in the histomorphology oflungtissues, and inhaled petroleum hydrocarbons are potential risk factor in thepathophysiologyof pulmonary dysfunction(208). Histomorphologic research stated that edema and hemorrhagic necrosis of the lung alveoli and parenchyma were caused by petroleum hydrocarbons. The outcome of the effect of exposure to petroleum products on hematocrit and RBC count appears to be importantly diverse when matched to that of control group. The toxic ingredients, in petroleum vapors, have been testified to alternate the composition of blood. Most of subjects exposed, for longer than two years, to petroleum products had significantly lower figures of hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell count than subjects for less than two years exposition. Subjects would become anemic progressively on exposure to petroleum fumes. These results indicate that the petroleum fumes cause a reduction in hematological indices, which worsens with prolonged exposure(209). The principal limitations of the current study, including small sample size, does not enable perfect prediction of the hematological changes in the oil refinery workers included in the study. Moreover, the present study demonstrates significant elevation in serum interleukin-ÃŽ ²1 in the exposed workers compared with non-exposed subjects. Interleukin-1ÃŽ ², also known as catabolin, is a mediator related to the family of cytokines .When the macrophage is activated, This cytokine is released as a proprotein, which is converted by proteolytic enzyme to its active form. This cytokine is considered a significant arbitrator of the inflammatory reaction, and plays a significant part in a diverse cellular events, such as cell distinction, proliferation, and apoptosis(210). Subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and asthma ,demonstrate high level of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1. The highly expression of IL-1ÃŽ ² induced in the lungs of adult mice lead to pulmonary inflammation distinguished by neutrophil and macrophage infiltrates. IL-1ÃŽ ² affect distal airspace and cause swelling, consistent with emphysema. IL-1ÃŽ ² distroyed elastin fibers in alveolar septa and cause fibrosis in the pleura and airway walls. The thickness of conducting airways is elevated by IL-1ÃŽ ² , that lead to production of mucine, which in turn aggregates lymphocyte in the airways(211). Moreover, IL-1ÃŽ ² has great influence in the induction of murine emphysema and small airway remodeling. It is compared to TNF-ÃŽ ± in this effect(212). Conclusions: Workers exposed to petroleum products for long-term are placed at oil refinery industry at continuous risk of development of defective organs functions which necessitate a frequent medical examinations and application of suitable measures to prevent serious effects on different body organs of workers and employee at oil refinery industry. Recommendations for Future Work: From my perspective , I do recommend people who work in oil refinery industry should take annual classes that provide valuable information regarding health and safety measures to reduce the risk . Providing information and education about air quality monitoring in and around refineries.

Catcher in the Rye :: essays research papers

The Catcher in the Rye---What was He Thinking?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nash K. Burger wrote a review of the book, The Catcher in the Rye, which was published in the New York Times on July 16, 1951. In his review, Burger idolizes the book, calling it â€Å"an unusually brilliant first novel†. Burger feels that this book has wonderful language and portrays the typical teenager. He thinks that Holden has a cheerful disregard and that there is nothing wrong with him. He also feels that Holden’s mistakes are not caused by him, but by the adult world. This book is totally opposite of how he categorizes it. In fact, Holden has is far from typical. The language he uses is preposterous and he always jumps to assumptions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Burger’s first thought that Holden is a typical teenager is way off. Typical teenagers do not flunk out of school after school. An example of this is, â€Å"They kicked me out. I wasn’t supposed to come back after Christmas vacation on account of I was flunking all four subjects and not applying myself and all.† Typical teenagers also do not go and stay in a hotel and hire a hooker, â€Å"When I opened the door, this prostitute was standing there.† and then ask her, â€Å"Don’t you feel like talking for a while?† The last thing he does that is totally untypical of a teenager is to propose to a girl and then start calling her names. If this is someone’s idea of typical, they need to re-evaluate typical teenage life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next Burger says that the book is told in wonderful language. This book is absolutely, without a doubt, filled with very vulgar language. There is absolutely nothing wonderful about Holden’s language. Every other thought that comes out of his head is filled with curse words. A good example of this would be when he went to Phoebe’s school and he found â€Å"fuck you† written on the wall. This is Holden’s reaction to the profanity, â€Å"It drove me damn near crazy. I thought how Phoebe and all the other little kids would see it, and how they’d wonder what the hell it meant, and then finally some dirty kid would tell them -- all cockeyed, about it and maybe even worry about it for a couple of days. I kept wanting to kill whoever’d written it. I figured it was some perverty bum that’d sneaked in the school late at night to take a leak or something and then wrote it on the wall. I kept picturing myself catching him at it, and how I’d smash his head on

Fayol’s Principles Of Management In Mcdonalds Essay

How Far Henri Fayols Principle Of Management Is Relevant With Contemporary Public Administration stepped down as director, he published his â€Å"14 Principles of Management† in the book â€Å"Administration Industrielle et Generale.† Fayol also created a list of the six†¦ Premium Principles Of Management aspects of Egyptian life were highly organized. There were much inefficiency, Principles of Management MGT503 VU  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 2†¦ Premium Principles Of Management of corporate governance, many of whom are now very actual and applicable. FAYOLS PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT First authority and responsibility are linked†¦ Premium Principles Of Management  new ideas, imagination and visions to the managers and the organisation. . Guide to research. Fayol’s principles of Management. . Division of work . Authority†¦ Premium Principles Of Management for any job, he should also have the concerned authority. Fayol’s principle  of management in this regard is that an efficient manager makes best possible use of his†¦ Premium Principles Of Management course presents the principles of management, emphasizing managerial functions and behavioural concepts and its practical applications in the organsation. Goals†¦ Premium Principles Of Management for any job, he should also have the concerned authority. Fayol’s principle of management in this regard is that an efficient manager makes best possible use of his†¦

Can ‘Death of a Salesman’ be Described as a Tragedy Essay

Aristotle first defined a tragedy in literature as a story where the main character is a hero – a very brilliant person – except that he has one major flaw which leads to his downfall, namely, death. Shakespeare then expanded on this and produced his world famous tragedies such as Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth and Hamlet. In all of these plays, the main character is a person of high social standing and exceptionally talented, however each has a very serious flaw as well. For example, Romeo is of Italian nobility and is very efficient with a sword and dagger – but he is a fool for love and falls in love with Juliet as soon as he sees her, despite already being in love with Rosaline beforehand. That is the flaw which eventually leads to his demise. This definition has over time become the benchmark for a tragedy. Arthur Miller was an immigrant to the USA and can be seen as the opposite of Willy. Willy, however, is a proud born and bred American and holds to heart the very fundamentals of the American Dream – a very capitalistic ethos. Miller, on the other hand, had communist beliefs which eventually landed him in trouble with the government. Both Death of a Salesman and another of Miller’s plays, All My Sons both have the foundations of the American Dream and also both secretly criticize the capitalistic belief. In Death of a Salesman, Willy dies just trying to live the American Dream and he never gives up on it – an indication of his extreme optimism in all things – despite how blatantly unrealistic achieving the American Dream was for him. The characterisation of Willy Loman is also quite interesting. He strives to be like a very old, successful salesman he met that worked from home, who when he died, numerous people he knew went to his funeral. He is someone everyone can relate to and make us love him, but he also has qualities that we all loathe and make us hate him at times. This is purposefully done by Miller to only make it more shocking when Willy dies in the end – despite it is made quite obvious to readers it is inevitable. His name is also carefully planned out by Miller – Willy is an average name and nothing special, but his surname is a clear reference to what he is. ‘Loman’ – ‘low man’ is clearly meant to show how ordinary he is, despite just how much Willy strives to be the opposite. Willy’s main character flaw is that he is just too proud. For example, when he is offered a job by Charley – his neighbour – after being fired, Willy straight out refuses and is quite offended as he sees it as giving up and asking for help. This is shown by when Willy says, â€Å"I don’t want your goddam job! After Charley politely offers him a good one. Willy’s strong beliefs in the American Dream are also shown when he says, â€Å"A man can’t go out the way he came in, Ben, a man has to add up to something†, by ‘coming in’, Willy means when a man is born and by â€Å"going out†, Willy means when a man dies. Also, â€Å"adding up to something† must mean being rich in Willy’s context. This follows the American Dream in that a man makes something of himself from nothing. Willy’s greatest fear has always been dying with nothing – exactly what happens in the end. A use of dramatic irony by Miller, Willy willingly fulfils his own utmost fear. That quotation is also foreshadowing Willy’s death – another intentional device by Miller. Besides his pride, another flaw of Willy is very poor and deteriorating mental health and he is subject to random flashbacks and hallucinations – often of his dead and once very successful older brother, Ben, someone Willy idolizes. An example of one of his hallucinations is when Willy says, â€Å"Ben, I’ve been waiting for so long†, despite Ben being dead at this point. The play is also cleverly structured by Miller. Music – for example a flute – plays in the background during some scenes for an added dramatic effect. This flute is heard in both the opening and ending scene. The play also makes heavy use of flashbacks, but sometimes a flashback scene plays on stage at the same time as the scene set in the present. This technique is seen in Act Two, while Willy is in the restaurant with Biff and Happy. On the whole, the structure is skilfully used to make the storyline more immersive to the audience. Although, it does not have the same level of effect when being read from a book. The historical context of the play greatly influences both the themes and language of the play greatly. Death of a Salesman is set during the late 1940s. This time setting influences both the characters and the audience, as the play first premiered on the tenth of February, 1949 – the life of Willy Loman was something Americans going to watch the play at that time could relate to. Sixty years on, more modern audiences will react differently as times have changed and the idea of the American Dream isn’t as dominant anymore. Besides the American Dream, other common themes can be found in the play. Betrayal is quite clear as Willy betrays Linda by cheating on her with the Woman, and Willy also sees the way Biff rebels against him as betrayal and as Willy himself says, â€Å"Spite! â€Å". Another major theme would be one man – Willy in this case – being kept back from his dreams by society. In addition, the language used by characters matches the historical setting and context. In performances of the play, characters do not usually have the New Yorker accent you would expect, but they talk like a New Yorker. For example, words like ‘gee’, and rhetorically asking the person they are talking to if they ‘hear this? ‘On the subject of whether we can define Death of a Salesman as a tragedy or not is not a simple question as there is substantial evidence for both sides of the argument. To begin with, those who say that it is a tragedy may argue that it ends with the death of Willy, the main character, just like other tragedies. Moreover, Willy has explicit flaws which slowly lead to his downfall throughout the play. Finally, Willy may not ever do anything that can be deemed ‘heroic’, but within his own household he is very much a figure that is looked up to – so it may still be a tragedy, albeit on a less grand scale. In contrast, you could argue that it is not a tragedy as all other characters from Shakespeare’s tragedies were people of high standing – whereas Willy is not. Additionally, Willy is not at all a hero by any definition – in fact he is in some ways a bad person as will be shown. Finally, Shakespeare’s heroes have quite dramatic flaws, whereas Willy has the same flaws as every ordinary human being. These are quite convincing arguments to why it isn’t a tragedy. We will be looking at each argument more in-depth. The play follows the tragedies of Shakespeare in that the main character dies in the end. Willy commits suicide by crashing his car so that his family would get the life insurance money of $20,000 and make life easier for them. This is of course a noble reason to kill oneself as it is very selfless. However, it would make Willy a hypocrite as killing himself is also him giving up – something he condemned. Nevertheless, his intentions were admirable and this could make him seen as a hero since he willingly died for a selfless cause.

Free Essays on The Once And Future King-- The Ill-Made Knight

The Once and Future King â€Å"The Ill-Made Knight† by, T. H. White I. Characters A. Lancelot 1. Not very attractive. 2. Sleeps with Elaine and ends up with a child, whom he does not claim. 3. The best knight in the world until his son, Galahad, comes of age. B. Guenever 1. Loves Arthur a lot although their marriage was â€Å"made†. 2. Has an affair with Lancelot. 3. Accused of treason by Sir Mador de la Porte after Sir Patrick dies by eating a poisoned apple, intended for Gawaine. C. Gareth 1. The youngest of the Orkney faction to come to court twenty-one years after Arthur assumes the throne as King. 2. Has a moment of remembrance of the unicorn, when Arthur mentions the killing of Lamorak, by his brothers. 3. He first comes to Camelot as a kitchen page and Arthur knights him in the end. D. Mordred 1. Arthur’s illegitimate son. 2. Comes to court before Gareth. 3. Comes to Arthur and asks for forgiveness with Agravaine after they kill their mother and Lamorak. E. Lamorak 1. King Pellinore’s son. 2. Murdered by Agravaine and Mordred after they catch him in bed with their mother. 3. Slept with Morgause to get revenge on the Orkney faction for murdering his father after the accidental death of their father. F. Galahad 1. Lancelot’s son with Elaine. 2. Unhorses Lancelot numerous times in tilting matches. 3. Becomes the best knight in the world, after he beats his father, Lancelot. G. Sir Lionel 1. Lancelot’s cousin. 2. Returns to court, in a fury, to explain to Arthur about his brothers morals. 3. He tells of the trials his brother performs and how he tried to kill him. H. Elaine 1. Saved by Lancelot from a boiling basin of water. 2. Mother of Lancelot’s son, Galahad. 3. Tricks ... Free Essays on The Once And Future King-- The Ill-Made Knight Free Essays on The Once And Future King The Ill-Made Knight The Once and Future King â€Å"The Ill-Made Knight† by, T. H. White I. Characters A. Lancelot 1. Not very attractive. 2. Sleeps with Elaine and ends up with a child, whom he does not claim. 3. The best knight in the world until his son, Galahad, comes of age. B. Guenever 1. Loves Arthur a lot although their marriage was â€Å"made†. 2. Has an affair with Lancelot. 3. Accused of treason by Sir Mador de la Porte after Sir Patrick dies by eating a poisoned apple, intended for Gawaine. C. Gareth 1. The youngest of the Orkney faction to come to court twenty-one years after Arthur assumes the throne as King. 2. Has a moment of remembrance of the unicorn, when Arthur mentions the killing of Lamorak, by his brothers. 3. He first comes to Camelot as a kitchen page and Arthur knights him in the end. D. Mordred 1. Arthur’s illegitimate son. 2. Comes to court before Gareth. 3. Comes to Arthur and asks for forgiveness with Agravaine after they kill their mother and Lamorak. E. Lamorak 1. King Pellinore’s son. 2. Murdered by Agravaine and Mordred after they catch him in bed with their mother. 3. Slept with Morgause to get revenge on the Orkney faction for murdering his father after the accidental death of their father. F. Galahad 1. Lancelot’s son with Elaine. 2. Unhorses Lancelot numerous times in tilting matches. 3. Becomes the best knight in the world, after he beats his father, Lancelot. G. Sir Lionel 1. Lancelot’s cousin. 2. Returns to court, in a fury, to explain to Arthur about his brothers morals. 3. He tells of the trials his brother performs and how he tried to kill him. H. Elaine 1. Saved by Lancelot from a boiling basin of water. 2. Mother of Lancelot’s son, Galahad. 3. Tricks ...

Email Intelligence Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Email Intelligence Analysis - Coursework Example Several articles have been found in the media which explain the problem of mail overloading or junk messages. The effectiveness of an email message to reach anyone at any given period from its central position in any modern firm has led to great volumes of messages received by one person (Li & Fu 2002). Since email is considered as a very crucial technique for communication, there are email logs which useful sources of research in analysis including link and textual analysis and social networking (Artz & Gil 2007). Due to the lack of enough and real life benchmarking, the field researches are made on synthesized facts and figures. The dataset is the same as the facts and figures collected for the detection of fraud and to counter the terrorists. This makes it an effective and efficient tool or technique used for stopping of terrorism and fraud detection (Li & Fu 2002). For one to start the analysis work or task, he or she has to consider the first high level requirements statements f or any email function. Pick or select an email for commercial products to give communication and facts and figures exchange. The effects shall be minimized what will lead to an almost accurate maintenance being available and the time allowed for retrieval is reduced to two days for an attack which was very serious. The messages from email will be useful and accessible to some specified staff members that are ranging from the sophisticated to the naive members (Li & Fu 2002). The first step is to critically analyze the services which are very helpful to the firm or individual. A selection of email products is made to provide information, communication and exchange of the facts and figures One of the requirement analysis tools for investigation is the dataset since it has a lot of integrity issues. It must be integrated with the database so as to catalyze the statistical analysis of the facts and figures. When some one is sent a message, the best indicator of an action is the receiver ’s relationship with the message and the sender. The reply predictor employs the relational characteristics which depend on the profile of the user, which is generated from the training facts and figures for every user. Every users profile contains a total number of sent and received messages to every user including the address book. The usability requirement provides that the chosen product is easy to use and that its security mechanism is accessible to the user as much as possible. The operational need where there are system administrative schedules that give the capability or possibility to manage a distributed user community by simply moving the users among servers and duplicating user profile processed facts and figures across all the servers in the network. In order to separate the spear phishing mails used in sophisticated and major targeted attacks, the email malware protection system is used to analyze the attachments using a signature, an engine that runs virtually which can safely and accurately find zero day attacks. This extends beyond signature and systems based on reputation through the disattaching every attachment against a cross matrix of operating systems and applications consisting various web browsers and plug ins such as the adobe readers and flash players. The

American Type Painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Type Painting - Essay Example Greenberg notes that although painting had started showing signs of modernization earlier than other arts, there are several expandable conventions embedded in the art of painting. There are a great number of conventions that artists cannot isolate and this difficulty in isolation makes painting difficult to expand and change. The author reiterates that the law of modernization is to recognize and immediately discard the facets of a medium that are not essential for its viability. The process of self-purification is observed to have come to a halt in literature as the letters have few conventions to eliminate before reaching those essential to it. Likewise, music has changed over the ages to reach an in expandable state. Most of the facets of music that can be isolated and altered or eliminated have reached the limit of change. The author makes a radical simplification with the hope that the suggested and noted simplifications may be used to overhaul the existing arts to renew vitali ty of the arts in the face of the community that is bent on rationalizing everything as well as maintain irreplaceability. Clement Greenberg was an American specialized in the field of art critic who was closely linked with the American Modern art. His work American Type painting is generally viewed as a response to the Rosenberg’s American Action Painting, but its focus is more specific. It is an observed, unrelenting and sustained attempt to refute the idea that abstract expressionist painting. has fundamentals of a break with the past. The work is a close and meticulous visual analysis to the new critics, based on the most basic element of painting rather than ideas, concepts and psychological states (Frascina, Francis, Charles Harrison & Paul, 1998). It handles the emergence and development of abstract expressionist, which mainly argues for the discrimination of color field painting linking it to impressionism rather than cubism and explains that modern art evolved while artists were perusing advanced pictorial flatness. The title of the essay shows his discomfort with abstract expressionism which he believed was erroneous. Greenberg’s piece viewed abstraction as a facet for modern painting. This is the only way for any painting work to be authentically modern. Each medium had to engage in a process of rationalization which will eventually make it distinct from other related medium. Indeed it was a necessary element of modern art work because painting was being threatened by the introduction of commerce and cliches. Figurative art and the type of anectodal subjects were frequent in the American

Business Ethics and Organizational Culture Essay

Business Ethics and Organizational Culture - Essay Example Organizational culture has an impact on the way in which an organization executes is vision and mission and affects the manner in which it deals with customers, employees and other third parties. It also determines some other critical aspects such as the level of involvement of employees in decision making process, innovation, contribution to new ideas as well as expression of opinion. The organizational culture also determines the hierarchy and the commitment that employees have towards to the organization. Organizational culture is often said to be one element that is most challenging to change or alter and hence, the way in which it gets shaped is very important (Cummings et al, 2004). Therefore, the way in which leadership of the organization paves and molds the development of culture is of critical importance. Enron and Organizational culture The Enron scandal which happened in early 2000s is one of the major scandals of corporate history where it came to light that the organiza tional leadership took advantage of certain loopholes in accounting and hence, did not show their losses and debts in their financial statements. As it was an accounting scam carried out purposely, the leadership Enron received major criticism on account of improper ethics as well as flawed organizational culture. Jeff Skilling (President) and Ken Lay, the CEO had intense focus on making huge profit and this compromised the ethics. To make this huge amount of profit, the employee reward system was changed to such a manner that compensation was totally based on the level of profit that an employee can produce and there were no caps on salaries. This resulted in an extremely competitive environment where dishonesty would be overlooked and profits were the only thing that mattered. The belief that making more money permeated through the organization in such a manner that it became a norm. According to Cruver (2003), it was clear to the employees that the leadership expected 'profit at all costs' from them. In addition, the focus was on short term bottom line which made the employees and traders even more aggressive towards making more money. Therefore, a culture was established where employees were hired and fired based on the profits that they bought to the organization. Enron Leadership and its responsibility in the Scandal As per Schein (1985), leadership is one aspect that causes the creation, reinforcement as well as change in the culture of the organization especially from an ethical perspective. The responsibility of the entire scam and the subsequent crisis lies with the leadership because the way in which the key executive players of the organizations such as Ken Lay and Jeff Skilling reshaped the culture determined this particular outcome. They adopted several strategies to make changes to the culture so that it centers around profit and money. One of the first strategies adopted by them was to shuffle their staff around and hence, giving pink slips to the employees based on performance became an accepted practice. However, as the employees were rewarded with a huge compensation for their performance, they cultivated a set of employees who were high performers, but who chose to ignore tenets of basic ethics. Hence, the entire culture of the organization underwent a transformation within a short period of time. As

The Spanish Artist Essay Example for Free

The Spanish Artist Essay Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes (1746-1828) was born in Aragonese in a small town of Fuendetodos on March 30, 1746. The first period of Goya’s painting career may have started in1763. He was then an aspiring young painter and most of his paintings depict the everyday life of ordinary people, such as in â€Å"The Parasol† painted in 1777, â€Å"The Junkman† painted in 1779, and The Picnic at the Edge of the Manzanares River painted in 1776. The styles vary depending on his subject. The bright light on the Parasol reveals his happy mood in painting the life of the monarch. The style depicts the life of ordinary people, which to me reflect their struggles and hope. Next period was when he was appointed in the palace under Charles III, in 1786 probably up to 1792 when he contracted a disease that changed his view. The topics of his paintings then were about monarchs and the relative peace the people enjoyed. The painting style depicts happiness and vitality of life as most of his paintings use bright light and lively colors. Perhaps the last period was during 1792 up to the last years of his life. The topics of his paintings were gloom probably because of his disease and his analysis of the development at the time as depicted in his Saturn Devouring his Son painted in 1819 and Old Men Eating Soup painted in 1819. The styles reflect his feelings during the time he contracted a disease that made him deaf and the last years of his life. The nude paintings in 1797, the Snowstorm, and the paintings mentioned earlier reflect pessimism and fear. Work Cited Goya http://www. spanisharts. com/prado/goya. htm Goya: Back to Romanticism http://arthistory. heindorffhus. dk/frame-Goya. htm

Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management in Tesco

Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management in Tesco The business that I have chosen to study as part of this assignment is TESCO. TESCO is a public limited company, which is very successful and renowned in all over the world. I am always interested about TESCO and do my shopping very regularly from there. So I chosen to do my study about this particular business and it will help me to get information quite effectively and efficiently than any other organisation or business. Definition: Human resource management is the organisational function which is focused on recruitment, management, and providing direction for the employees of an organization. Strategic human resource management is linking of human resources with objectives and strategic goal in order to develop business culture and performance with flexibly, innovative. In an organisation SHRM means involving the HR function and implementing companys strategies through recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel. 1.1 Importance of strategic human resource management TESCO: Strategic human resource management is a part of Human resource management. SHRM focuses on human resource programs with long-term objectives. rather than focusing on internal issues of HR, its focus on addressing and solving problems what effect people management related issues in the long run globally. So the primary goal of strategic human resources is to increase employee skills by focusing on business problems that happens outside of human resources. The actions that needed to be taken at first for a strategic human resource manager is to identify key HR areas ,where strategies will be implemented in the future to improve employees productivity, motivation and skill. Human Resource Management professionals are facing with some issues such as performance management, employee participation, human resource flow , reward systems and high commitment work systems in the context of globalization. These are some of the major issues that HR professionals and top management involved in SHRM that implemented in the first decade of the 21st century: Internationalization of market integration. Significant technological change. New concepts of general management. Cross-cultural factors The economic trend transferring from developed to developing countries in the world. SHRM also reflects some of the contemporary challenges faced by Human Resource Management. Such as aligning HR with core business strategy, demographic trends on employment and the labour market, integrating soft skills in HRD and finally Knowledge Management. References Armstrong, M (ed.) 192a) Strategies for Human Resource Management: A Total Business Approach. London:Kogan Page Beer, M and Spector,B (eds) (1985) Readings in Human Resource Management. New York: Free Press Boxall, P (1992) Strategic Human Resource Management: Beginnings of a New Theoretical Sophistication? Human Resource Management Journal, Vol.2 No.3 Spring. Fombrun, C.J., Tichy, N,M, and Devanna, M.A. (1984) Strategic Human Resource Management. New York:Wiley Mintzberg, H, Quinn, J B, Ghoshal, S (198) The Strategy Process, Prentice Hall. Truss, C and Gratton, L (1994) Strategic Human Resource Management: A Conceptual Approach, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol.5 No.3 1.2- The purpose of strategic human resource management in TESCO: The purpose of SHRM is to stimulate interest in the field of Human Resources by inviting HR professionals to speak about different aspects of their job and other HR issues. SHRM was created to provide assistance for development of its members, to provide leadership opportunities, and establish and support standards of excellence in Human Resource Management. SHRM aims to provide a sense of direction in an often turbulent environment so that organizational and business needs can be translated into coherent and practical policies and programmes. SHRM should provide guidelines for successful action, and the ultimate test of the reality of strategic HRM is the extent to which it has stimulated such action. There is an overall corporate purpose and that the human resource dimensions of that purpose are evident. A process of developing strategy within the organization exists and is understood, and that there is explicit consideration of human resource dimensions. The organization at all levels establishes responsibility and accountability for human resource management. It includes the responsibility to identify and interact in the social, political, technological and economic environments in which the organization is and will be doing business. The need for a Concept Much of the literature provides evidence that strategic integration is not well developed and advances reasons why to achieve it would be beneficial to organizations. Organisation advocated an increase in the input of human resource considerations at strategic planning, an attitude of treating employees as assets, more participation and involvement for employees, effective and open communications, less rule-oriented policies and practices, better training and career development opportunities, reward and recognition tied to performance. 1.3 Contribution of SHRM to the achievement of TESCOs objectives: Strategic HRM typically helps to achieve strategic goals in many ways. The main aspect of using strategic approach is alignment of all the levels of the organization with the organizational goals. The strategic approach to HRM will lead to development of policies that align with the organizational strategies. The various HR policies will try to reward positive behaviors which are essential to achieve organizational strategy. The HRM functions help to achieve corporate goals like growth or expansion by recruiting people, training and orienting them, and put them in new job assignments. The growth plans of any organization will require employees and recruitment is the only function which ensures that people with required skill sets are acquired. The retention strategy used by the company can lead to differentiation by retaining best of the talent force. Retaining best of the employees will lead to quality work, higher efficiency, customer satisfaction, etc. The strategic approach when taken helps performance management as there will be measurement of correct parameters which affects the organization as whole. It also ensures that correct feedback is obtained so that measures are taken to bring above the improvement. The other practices like performance appraisal helps to assess employee performance and using suitable reward system the company can channelize employees efforts to achieve organizational objectives. The training and development function ensures that the employees have the skill sets required to perform their tasks. The training programs are organized to train the employees for specific skills which will help them to achieve required goals. The strategic approach will help in developing effective training programs. Due to this the organization is benefited as there will be proper utilization of financial resources available for training and development function. The training and development function also supports the growth of the organization through career development of employees. It will be interesting to see how companies have benefited through HRM practices. Take the example of Tesco which is UKs biggest supermarket. It has more than 240000 employees and has seen consistent profits over the years. The company over the years has used participative management which has helped the organization as a whole. The company made use of the competitive A company or an organization is an entity where two or more people come together to achieve specific goals. The basic aim of any organization is to earn profits. There is always a talk on ways by which a company can earn profits continuously. In this context the word strategy is often heard. It is also said that proper alignment of strategy with all the processes is extremely important. In the present essay I would like to focus on how strategies help to achieve competitive advantage. I have also tried to evaluate the effect of linking strategy to human resource management to improve employee performance. I have found t hat properly aligning organizational goals with different processes helps the firm to achieve competitive advantage. It can also be seen through many examples how strategy linked to HR practices helps to improve performance of employees.An organization is always in dilemma regarding use of financial, technological and human resources. According Porter (1985) an organization must use resources which are valuable, inimitable and rare. In this context there has been a shift in focus from financial aspect to human resources. An organization is said to have sustained competitive advantage when the strategies applied by it are not applied by any of its competitors and are hard to implement. Now it is necessary to understand what strategy is? And which aspect of strategy gives importance to human resources? Strategy can be defined as plans and methods deployed by a company to achieve competitive advantage and operate profitably. It is related to the long term plans of the company. The reso urce base view of strategy sees it as a way to create opportunities using the organizations internal resources and competences (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2005). According to this theory employees are considered as resource with knowledge, skills and experience present with them as the core of organizational performance. Now, human resource management (HRM) is the branch of management which deals with managing employees in an organization and using their knowledge to gain effectiveness. The resource based view looks employees as valuable resource, which is rare, their knowledge is hard to imitate, which provides organization to get competitive advantage (Pfeffer, 1994). Strategic human resource management can be defined as predetermined steps of human resource development activities undertaken to achieve organizational goals (Jackson, Schuler, 2003). The strategic approach makes it necessary for organizations to focus on improvement of Human resource capability (H helps the organization to improve its competitive position by improving human skills, knowledge and experience. The strategic approach to various human resource practices like staffing, performance management, training and development, career planning, etc helps in improvement of human resource capabilities. Beer et al. (1984) stated that with rapidly change in environment the makes it essential to take strategic approach to human resource function. Strategic HRM can therefore be considered as overall process related to long term human resource issues which are part of strategic management of the firm. The SHRM approach need that the HR function of the firm must set new priorities which are more business and strategic oriented. These priorities have less orientation towards traditional HR practices like staffing, performance management and training. There is more emphasis laid on improvement of organization structure, quality, values, culture and performance of employees which are the pillars of an organization. The traditional HRM focused more on physical skills. It was more of functional nature and there was lot of concern of individual efforts. It gave more importance to tasks and there was less focus on people. The strategic HRM focus on overall contribution and efficiency of firm (C hang Huang, 2005). It promotes innovation, creative behavior and cross function integration. This approach helps to produce employee behavior that focuses on core business priorities. This in turn helps to drive the growth, profits and market value of the firm. The strategic HRM approach systematically brings about coordination of all HRM measures and implements it, so that it influences employee attitude and behavior which helps a business to gain competitive strategy. There is need for proper strategic human resource planning as it helps not only to retain the talent necessary to achieve organization goals but it also helps in penetration of strategy at all level of an organization. Proper strategic human resource planning helps an organization to find the gap between current position of a company and desired future position. It helps to stimulate creative thinking and promotes proactive behavior. It helps to identify causes of the problems and opportunities present. Now let us examine these aspects in more details. For any company its employees are the major assets. So as suggested by Hertzberg (1959) in his two factors theory, the hygiene and motivating factors should be made available to them so that it results in satisfaction of employees. These factors include good working conditions, status, rewards, incentives, communication, work culture, etc. So if the hygiene and motivating factors are provided the employees will be satisfied and they will work productively. The question is how strategic approach to HRM helps to achieve competitive advantage? Strategic HRM typically helps to achieve strategic goals in many ways. The main aspect of using strategic approach is alignment of all the levels of the organization with the organizational goals. The strategic approach to HRM will lead to development of policies that align with the organizational strategies. The various HR policies will try to reward positive behaviors which are essential to achieve organizational strategy. The HRM functions help to achieve corporate goals like growth or expansion by recruiting people, training and orienting them, and put them in new job assignments. The growth plans of any organization will require employees and recruitment is the only function which ensures that people with required skill sets are acquired. The retention strategy us ed by the company can lead to differentiation by retaining best of the talent force. Retaining best of the employees will lead to quality work, higher efficiency, customer satisfaction, etc. According to Jain (2005) the organizations which have ability to attract and retain employees which have skills to achieve the organizational goals gets sustainable competitive advantage. The strategic approach when taken helps performance management as there will be measurement of correct parameters which affects the organization as whole. It also ensures that correct feedback is obtained so that measures are taken to bring above the improvement. The other practices like performance appraisal helps to assess employee performance and using suitable reward system the company can channelize employees efforts to achieve organizational objectives. The training and development function ensures that the employees have the skill sets required to perform their tasks. The training programs are organized to train the employees for specific skills which will help them to achieve required goals. The strategic approach will help in developing effective training programs. Due to this the organization is benefited as there will be proper utilization of financial resources available for training and development function. The training and development function also supports the growth of the organization through career development of employees. It will be interesting to see how companies have benefited through HRM practices. Take the example of Tesco which is UKs biggest supermarket. It has more than 240000 employees and has seen consistent profits over the years. The company over the years has used participative management which has helped the organization as a whole. The company made use of the situation by improving the way in which they interact with the customers. Tesco used continuous innovation, welfare management, customer relation in conjunction with HRM strategies to gain respectable position in UK retail industry. It treats employees as champions and involves them in decision making. It has also resulted in increase in employee satisfaction, efficiency, high work morale, motivation and greater acceptance to any change. Total development of all the employees within the organization is the main strength of Tesco. It constantly focuses on effective implementation and utilization of HR strategies, which has helped it to perform well in the market. For Tesco the HR policies go along with marketing strategies which are then placed into operation. The participative management practices have helped in improvement of the employees as well as the whole company. These have made them to achieve required performance through employee engagement. It has used distinct employee man agement practices which have helped it to achieve competitive advantage (Strategic HRM: TESCO, n.d). The strategic HR practices help to produce competencies that differentiate products and service and thereby create competitiveness. The strategic approach is also important as in many cases the human resource is in direct contact with the customer. Finally to conclude it can be observed that HRM function manages various functions like human capital skills, work culture, employee commitment, teamwork, productivity, etc. which is likely to be source of sustained competitive advantage for any TESCO. The human resources are extremely important in a company from finance to sales to customer service. There is a significant relation between satisfied employees and customer satisfaction. It is therefore necessary for managers and supervisors to ensure that employees are motivated, productive and enthusiastic.